The "Unknown:"s below indicate that an entry is incomplete.
| do ... end | block (grouping statements, especially when statements are not expressions) |
| , | breaking lines (useful when end-of-line and/or indentation has a special meaning) |
| /* ... */ | commenting (nestable) |
| < > <= >= | comparison |
| << >> <<= >>=(1) | comparison |
| MIN / MAX | comparison (min / max (binary or more)) |
| == \== | equality / inequality (deep) |
| ( ... ) | grouping expressions |
| SOURCELINE() / parse source OS . SOURCENAME | information about the current line and file |
| interpret | runtime evaluation |
| case-insensitive | tokens (case-sensitivity (keywords, variable identifiers...)) |
| [a-zA-Z!?@#][a-zA-Z0-9!?@#]* | tokens (variable identifier regexp) |
| = | variable assignment or declaration (assignment) |
Unknown:
tokens (what is the standard way for scrunching together multiple words)
| v = f(a, b, ...) or call f a, b, ... | function call |
| v = f() | function call (with no parameter) |
| call f | function call (with no parameter) |
f : procedure ... return retval | function definition |
f : procedure ... return | function definition (procedures) |
| return(2) | function return value (breaks the control flow) |
| trace 'I' | runtime inspecting the caller information |
| iterate / leave | breaking control flow (continue / break) |
| signal | breaking control flow (goto (unconditional jump)) |
| return(2) | breaking control flow (returning a value) |
signal on predefined_condition_name ... predefined_condition_name : ... | exception (catching) |
| signal predefined_condition_name | exception (throwing) |
if c then ; ... if c then ... if c then do ... end | if_then |
if c then ; b1 ; else ; b2 if c then b1 else b2 if c then do b1 ... end else do b2 ... end | if_then_else |
do i = 10 to 1 by -1 ... end | loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 decrement) |
do i = 1 for 10 ... end | loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 increment (see also the entries about ranges)) |
do i = 1 to 10 by 2 ... end | loop (for each value in a numeric range, free increment) |
do forever ... end | loop (forever loop) |
do while c ... end | loop (while condition do something) |
select when v1 ... when v2 | v3 ... otherwise ... end | multiple selection (switch) |
| nothing, optionally ; | sequence |
Unknown:
loop (do something until condition)
| X2C, D2C | ascii to character |
| 'z' | character "z" |
| "z" | character "z" |
| C2X, C2D | character to ascii |
| COPIES | duplicate n times |
| SUBSTR | extract a substring |
| POS | locate a substring |
| LASTPOS | locate a substring (starting at the end) |
"...", "..." | multi-line |
| say | simple print (on strings) |
| || | string concatenation |
| string concatenation | |
| = \= | string equality & inequality |
| == \== or = <> \= | string equality & inequality |
| LENGTH | string size |
| '...' | strings (with no interpolation of variables) |
| "..." | strings (with no interpolation of variables) |
| parse upper var in_var out_var / parse lower var in_var out_var | uppercase / lowercase / capitalized string |
Unknown:
serialize (marshalling)
unserialize (un-marshalling)
upper / lower case character
| 0(3) | false value |
| \ | logical not |
| | / & | logical or / and (non short circuit (always evaluates both arguments)) |
| 1 | true value |
| + / - / * / / | addition / subtraction / multiplication / division |
| BITAND / BITOR / BITXOR | bitwise operators (and / or / xor) |
| ** | exponentiation (power) |
| Log10 | logarithm (base 10) |
| Log | logarithm (base e) |
| // | modulo (modulo of -3 / 2 is -1) |
| % | modulo (modulo of -3 / 2 is 1) |
| - | negation |
| 1000., 1E3 | numbers syntax (floating point) |
| '1'B, 'F'X | numbers syntax (integers in base 2, octal and hexadecimal) |
| 1000, '1000'D | numbers syntax (integers) |
| mathematical | operator priorities and associativities (addition vs multiplication) |
| mathematical | operator priorities and associativities (exponentiation vs negation (is -3^2 equal to 9 or -9)) |
| Sqrt / Exp / ABS | square root / e-exponential / absolute value |
| Sin / Cos / Tan | trigonometry (basic) |
| ASin / ACos / ATan | trigonometry (inverse) |
| TRUNC / FORMAT / Floor / Ceil | truncate / round / floor / ceil |
Unknown:
random (random number)
random (seed the pseudo random generator)