| typ1 * ... * typn | F#, OCaml, SML |
| (typ1, ..., typn) | Haskell |
| typ1, ..., typn | merd |
| tuple | Python |
| tuple! | Rebol |
| Tuple[Typ1, Typ2, Typ3] | E |
| tuple< typ1, ..., typn > | C++-0x |
| a, b, c | F#, Lua, merd, OCaml, Python, Ruby |
| ( a, b, c ) | Ada, C++-0x, Haskell, Perl, Prolog, SML |
| { a. b. c } | Smalltalk |
| { a, b, c } | Matlab |
| [ a, b, c ] | E |
| a . b . c | Rebol |
| (cons a b) | Common Lisp |
empty tuple
| () | merd, Perl, Perl6, Python |
| [] | Ruby |
| {} | Matlab, Smalltalk |
| #() | Smalltalk |
| Nothing | Prolog |
1-uple
| a or [a] | Ruby |
| a, | Perl6, Python |
| tuple([a]) | Python |
| (a) | Perl |
| ((a)) | merd |
| {a} | Smalltalk |
using a tuple for a function call
| t | merd, Perl |
| *t | Python, Ruby |
| t{:} | Matlab |
| f @@ t | Mathematica |
| L =.. [ F | Args ], call(L) | Prolog |
creation
| & | B, C, C#, C++, Go |
| \ | Perl |
| AddressOf | Visual Basic |
| addr(1) | Pascal |
| @(1) | Pascal |
| lv | BCPL |
| ref | C#, F#, OCaml, SML |
| newSTRef | Haskell |
| NewCell | Oz |
| variable | Forth |
| 'access | Ada |
| :> :>> | Pliant |
| '' | Maple |
dereference
| *(2) | B, C, C#, C++, Go |
| $ @ % &(2) | Perl |
| ->[...] ->{...} ->(...)(3) | Perl |
| ->(4) | C, C++ |
| ^(3) | Modula-3, Pascal |
| !(2) | F#, OCaml, SML |
| rv | BCPL |
| readSTRef | Haskell |
| Access | Oz |
| .[all] | Ada |
| @ | Forth |
| eval | Maple |
| (reg) | Assembler |
assigning (when dereferencing doesn't give a lvalue)
| writeSTRef | Haskell |
| Assign | Oz |
| := | F#, OCaml, SML |
| ! | Forth |
null value
| 0(5) | C++, Forth |
| 0 nullptr(5) | C++-0x |
| NULL | C, Maple, SQL92 |
| nil | Common Lisp, Emacs Lisp, Io, Lua, Objective-C, Ruby, Smalltalk |
| null | C#, CoffeeScript, Java, JavaScript |
| Null(6) | Ada, Mathematica |
| undef | Perl |
| None | F#, OCaml, Python |
| NONE | SML |
| Nothing | Haskell |
| Void | Eiffel |
| #f () | Emacs Lisp |
| (empty) / ~ / null | YAML |
value
| v | Ada, C#, CoffeeScript, Common Lisp, Eiffel, Emacs Lisp, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Perl, Perl, Python, Ruby, Scheme, Smalltalk |
| *v(5) | C, C++ |
| Just v | Haskell |
| Some v | F#, OCaml |
| SOME v | SML |
type name
| option | F#, OCaml, SML |
| Maybe | Haskell |
null coalescing
| COALESCE | SQL92 |
| ?: | PHP |
| || | JavaScript, Perl, Ruby |
| //(7) | Perl |
| ?? | C# |
| if(a, b) | Visual Basic |
| or | Python, Scheme |
type declaration
| struct { typ1 n1; typ2 n2; ... } | C, C++ |
| type typ = { n1 : typ1; n2 : typ2 } | OCaml, SML |
| data Typ = N0 { n1, n2 :: typ1, n3 :: typ3, ... } | Haskell |
type Typ is record N1 : Typ1; N2 : Typ2 := default_val; ... end record; | Ada |
| type typ struct{ n1 typ1; n2 typ2; } | Go |
selector
| . | Ada, Beta, C, C#, C++, CoffeeScript, E, Eiffel, F#, Go, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Matlab, Modula-2, Modula-3, OCaml, Oz, Pascal, Python, Ruby |
| :: | XPath |
| % | Fortran90 |
| '(8) | Ada |
| ^ | Mercury |
| r { field } | merd |
| r:field | Pliant |
| field r | Haskell |
| -> | C, C++ |
| r[field] | Maple |
| r["field"] | JavaScript |
| #field r | SML |
| normal function call | Common Lisp, Dylan, Haskell, Io, Smalltalk |
| union { typ1 n1; typ2 n2; ... } | C, C++ |
| data Typ = N1 typ1 | N2 typ2 | ... | Haskell |
| type typ = N1 of typ1 | N2 of typ2 | ... | OCaml |
| datatype typ = N1 of typ1 | N2 of typ2 | ... | SML |
type Typ (Choice : Discrete_Type) is record
case Choice is
when Choice_1 =>
N1 : Typ1;
...
when Choice_2 | Choice_3 =>
...
when others =>
...
end case;
end record; | Ada |
| enum typ { n1; n2; ... }(9) | C, C#, C++, Java |
Enum typ n1 n2 End Enum | Visual Basic |
| (n1, n2, ...) | Pascal |
| type typ is(10) | Ada |
| data Typ = N1 | N2 | ... | Haskell |
| type typ = N1 | N2 | ... | OCaml |
| datatype typ = N1 | N2 | ... | SML |
type name
| map | Go, YAML |
| Map | F#, Io |
| std::map | C++ |
| dict | Python |
| Dictionary | Pliant, Smalltalk |
| dictionary | Vimscript |
| Hash | Perl6, Ruby |
| HASH | Perl |
| HASH_TABLE | Eiffel |
| HashTable | Java |
| Hashtbl | F# |
| Hashtbl.t | OCaml |
| struct | Matlab |
| table | Maple |
| array | PHP |
| Data.Map, Data.HashTable | Haskell |
| Containers.Ordered_Maps.Map | Ada |
constructor
| [ a => b, c => d ] | E |
| array( a => b, c => d ) | PHP |
| { a => b, c => d } | Perl, Perl6, Ruby |
| { a, b, c, d } | Perl, Ruby |
| { a: b, c: d } | CoffeeScript, JavaScript, Python, Vimscript, YAML |
| { a: b; c: d } | CSS |
| $[ a: b, c: d ] | YCP |
| { a->b. c->d } | Squeak |
| { a = b, c = d } | Lua |
| @{ a = b; c = d } | MSH |
| ([ a:b, c:d ]) | Pike |
| ([a]=b [c]=d) | KornShell |
| << a b c d >> | PostScript |
| struct(a, b, c, d) | Matlab |
| Hash[ a, b, c, d ] | Ruby |
| Map.of_list [a, b; c, d] | F# |
| Hashtbl.of_list [a, b; c, d] | F# |
| table([a=b, c=d]) | Maple |
| define table foo a => b; c => d end | Dylan |
| dict create a b c d | Tcl8.5 |
| new t { {a, b}, {c, d} } | C# |
| fromList | Haskell |
| [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:b, a, d, c, nil] | Objective-C |
a: b c: d | YAML |
| map[typ0]typ1{ a: b, c: d } | Go |
access: read/write
| h[k] | Awk, C#, C++, CoffeeScript, Dylan, E, Go, JavaScript, Lua, Maple, MSH, PHP, Python, Ruby, Vimscript |
| $h{k} | Perl |
| %h{k} or %h<s> | Perl6 |
| h(k) | Tcl |
| h.[k] | F# |
| h.k | CoffeeScript, JavaScript, Lua, Matlab |
| h:k | Pliant |
| h["k"] or h->k | Pike |
| (gethash k h) | Common Lisp |
access: read
| h k get | PostScript |
| find | F#, OCaml |
| fetch | Ruby |
| get | Java |
| dict get | Tcl8.5 |
| at | Io, Smalltalk |
| h@k or h.at(k) | Eiffel |
| h[k]:default | YCP |
| ${h[k]} | KornShell |
| h.get(k, returned_value_when_k_unfound) | Python |
| objectForKey | Objective-C |
| lookup | Haskell |
| Element | Ada |
access: write
| h k o put | PostScript |
| put | Eiffel, Java |
| add, replace | F#, OCaml |
| store | Ruby |
| dict set | Tcl8.5 |
| h[k] | KornShell, YCP |
| atPut | Io |
| h at: k put: o | Smalltalk |
| [h setObject:o forKey:k] | Objective-C |
| insert | Haskell |
| Replace_Element | Ada |
has the key ?
| exists $h{k} | Perl |
| exists | Perl6, Pliant |
| dict exists | Tcl8.5 |
| has | Eiffel |
| haskey | YCP |
| hasKey | Io |
| has_key | Python, Vimscript |
| has_key?, include?, key?, member? | Ruby |
| Contains | Ada, C#, F# |
| containsKey | Java |
| includesKey | Smalltalk |
| k in h | CoffeeScript, JavaScript, Python |
| k not in h | Python |
| in | Awk |
| mem | F#, OCaml |
| member | Haskell |
| isfield | Matlab |
| find(11) | C++ |
| h[k] | Pike |
| (gethash k h) | Common Lisp |
| maps | E |
| known | PostScript |
| isset(h[k]), array_key_exists(k, h) | PHP |
| v, exists := h[k] | Go |
remove by key
| delete $h{k} | Perl |
| del h[k] | Python |
| unset(h[k]) | PHP |
| remove | Eiffel, F#, Java, OCaml, YCP |
| Remove | C#, F# |
| dict remove | Tcl8.5 |
| removeAt | Io |
| removeKey | E, Smalltalk |
| remhash | Common Lisp |
| delete | CoffeeScript, Haskell, JavaScript, Perl6, Ruby |
| Delete | Ada |
| erase | C++ |
| m_delete | Pike |
| removeObjectForKey | Objective-C |
| undef | PostScript |
| rmfield | Matlab |
| delete(h, k) | Go |
list of keys
| keys | Haskell, Io, Maple, MSH, Perl, Perl6, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk |
| dict keys | Tcl8.5 |
| keySet | Java |
| allKeys | Objective-C |
| AllKeys | C# |
| indices | Pike |
| current_keys | Eiffel |
| getKeys | E |
| array_keys | PHP |
| fieldnames | Matlab |
| findall(Key, item(Key, _), Keys) | Prolog |
| ${!h[@]} | KornShell |
list of values
| values | Io, Java, Perl, Perl6, Pike, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk |
| dict values | Tcl8.5 |
| getValues | E |
| content | Eiffel |
| array_values | PHP |
| struct2cell | Matlab |
| entries | Maple |
| elems | Haskell |
| ${h[@]} | KornShell |
merge
| merge(12) | Ruby |
| array_merge(12) | PHP |
| union(13) | Haskell |
| update(12) | Python, Ruby |
| putAll(12) | Java |
| insert(13) | C++ |
| (%h1, %h2)(12) | Perl |
inclusive .. inclusive
| a .. b | Ada, E, merd, MSH, Pascal, Perl, Ruby |
| a:b | Matlab |
| [ a .. b ] | CoffeeScript, F#, Haskell |
| to | Io, Smalltalk |
| seq a b / jot - a b(14) | BourneShell, FishShell |
| {a..b} | KornShell |
| range | PHP |
| range(from: a, to: b, by: step) | Dylan |
| Range | Mathematica |
| Range with | Io |
| List.number A B Step | Oz |
| numlist / between | Prolog |
| iseq | Logo |
| k, v := range h | Go |
inclusive .. exclusive
| a ... b | CoffeeScript, Ruby |
| a ..! b | E |
| range | Python |