The "Unknown:"s below indicate that an entry is incomplete.
| begin ... end(1) | block (grouping statements, especially when statements are not expressions) |
| foo ... end foo where foo in { if, do, ... } | block (grouping statements, especially when statements are not expressions) |
| nothing needed | breaking lines (useful when end-of-line and/or indentation has a special meaning) |
| -- | commenting (until end of line) |
| < > <= >= | comparison |
| Integer'min / Integer'max | comparison (min / max (binary or more)) |
| = /= | equality / inequality (deep) |
| ( ... ) | grouping expressions |
| new | manual memory allocation (allocation) |
| case-insensitive | tokens (case-sensitivity (keywords, variable identifiers...)) |
| [a-zA-Z](_?[a-zA-Z0-9])* | tokens (variable identifier regexp) |
| Camel_Case | tokens (what is the standard way for scrunching together multiple words) |
| := | variable assignment or declaration (assignment) |
| v: t | variable assignment or declaration (declaration) |
Unknown:
documentation comment
| f(a,b,...) | function call |
| f | function call (with no parameter) |
function f(para1 : type1; para2 : typ2; ...) return retval is begin ... end f; | function definition |
procedure f(para1 : typ1; para2 : MODE type2; ...) is begin ... end f; MODE ::= | OUT | IN OUT | function definition (procedures) |
| return(2) | function return value (breaks the control flow) |
| <retvar name> = val; | function return value (setting the result) |
| / exit | breaking control flow (continue / break) |
| goto | breaking control flow (goto (unconditional jump)) |
| return(2) | breaking control flow (returning a value) |
| exception when exception_name => | exception (catching) |
| raise | exception (throwing) |
| if c then ... end if | if_then |
| if c then b1 elsif c2 then b2 else b3 end if | if_then_else |
| loop ... exit when c; end loop | loop (do something until condition) |
| for i in reverse 1 .. 10 loop ... end loop | loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 decrement) |
| for i in 1 .. 10 loop ... end loop | loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 increment (see also the entries about ranges)) |
| loop ... end loop | loop (forever loop) |
| while c loop ... end loop | loop (while condition do something) |
case val is when v1 => ... when v2 | v3 => ... when others => ... end case; | multiple selection (switch) |
| ; | sequence |
Unknown:
loop (for each value in a numeric range, free increment)
| : | annotation (or variable declaration) |
| t(e) | cast (downcast (need runtime checking)) |
| t(e) | cast (upcast) |
| type n is t | declaration |
| constant T | mutability, constness (type of a constant value) |
| in out T(3) | mutability, constness (type of a mutable value) |
| method(parent(dispatching-parameter)) | accessing parent method |
| parent(dispatching-parameter).method | accessing parent method |
| type c is tagged record ... end record(4) | class declaration |
| dispatching parameter | current instance |
| type child is new parent with record ... end record | inheritance |
| Requires instantiation of Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation | manually call an object's destructor |
| object.method(para) | method invocation |
| method(object, para) | method invocation |
| object.method | method invocation (with no parameter) |
| method(object) | method invocation (with no parameter) |
| o2.all := o.all | object cloning |
| o_ : T'Class := o(5) | object cloning |
| v : class_name | object creation |
| in | testing class membership |
package p is -- Declare public package members here private -- Declare private package members here end p; package body p is ... -- Define package implementation here end p; | declare |
| package p is ... end; package body p is ... end; | declare (selective export) |
| with p; use p; | import (everything into current namespace) |
| with p; | import (package (ie. load the package)) |
| with p; use type p.type1; ... | import (selectively) |
| . | package scope |
| s(n) | accessing n-th character |
| 'Val | ascii to character |
| 'z' | character "z" |
| 'Pos | character to ascii |
| Character | character type name |
| T'Image(e)(6) | convert something to a string (see also string interpolation) |
| * | duplicate n times |
| s(n..m) | extract a substring |
| index | locate a substring |
| index_non_blank / find_token | locate a substring |
| index(Going => Backward) | locate a substring (starting at the end) |
| T'Output(6) | serialize (marshalling) |
| Put | simple print (on any objects) |
| Put_Line | simple print (on strings) |
| & | string concatenation |
| = /= | string equality & inequality |
| 'Length | string size |
| "..." | strings (with no interpolation of variables) |
| String | type name |
| T'Input(6) | unserialize (un-marshalling) |
| To_Upper / To_Lower | upper / lower case character |
| to_upper / to_lower | uppercase / lowercase / capitalized string |
Unknown:
strings (with interpolation of variables)
strings (end-of-line (without writing the real CR or LF character))
multi-line
| false | false value |
| not(7) | logical not |
| or / and | logical or / and (non short circuit (always evaluates both arguments)) |
| or else / and then | logical or / and (short circuit) |
| true | true value |
| Boolean | type name |
| Insert | adding an element at index (return the new list (no side-effect)) |
| Prepend | adding an element at the beginning (list cons) (return the new list (no side-effect)) |
| Append | adding an element at the end (return the new list (no side-effect)) |
| Find | find an element |
| First_Element | first element |
| First | first element (iterator) |
| for v in range loop .. end loop | for each element do something |
| Iterate | for each element do something |
| Last_Element | last element |
| Last | last element (iterator) |
| & | list concatenation |
| Length | list size |
| a(i) | list/array indexing |
| Reverse_Elements | reverse |
| Containers.Vectors.Vector or Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists.List | type name |
| Element | dictionary (access: read) |
| Replace_Element | dictionary (access: write) |
| Contains | dictionary (has the key ?) |
| Delete | dictionary (remove by key) |
| Containers.Ordered_Maps.Map | dictionary (type name) |
| type typ is(8) | enumerated type declaration |
| Null(9) | optional value (null value) |
| v | optional value (value) |
| a .. b | range (inclusive .. inclusive) |
| . | record (selector) |
| '(10) | record (selector) |
type Typ is record N1 : Typ1; N2 : Typ2 := default_val; ... end record; | record (type declaration) |
| 'access | reference (pointer) (creation) |
| .[all] | reference (pointer) (dereference) |
| ( a, b, c ) | tuple constructor |
type Typ (Choice : Discrete_Type) is record
case Choice is
when Choice_1 =>
N1 : Typ1;
...
when Choice_2 | Choice_3 =>
...
when others =>
...
end case;
end record; | union type declaration |
Unknown:
optional value (null coalescing)
| and / or / xor | bitwise operators (and / or / xor) |
| not | bitwise operators (bitwise inversion) |
| Shift_Left / Shift_Right / Shift_Right_Arithmetic / Rotate_Left / Rotate_Right | bitwise operators (left shift / right shift / unsigned right shift) |
| ** | exponentiation (power) |
| Log(X => val, Base => 10.0) | logarithm (base 10) |
| Log(X => val, Base => 2.0) | logarithm (base 2) |
| Log | logarithm (base e) |
| rem | modulo (modulo of -3 / 2 is -1) |
| mod | modulo (modulo of -3 / 2 is 1) |
| - | negation |
| 1000.0, 1.0E3 | numbers syntax (floating point) |
| 1_000, 10_00, 100_0 | numbers syntax (integer thousand-separator) |
| 2#1#, 8#7#, 16#f# | numbers syntax (integers in base 2, octal and hexadecimal) |
| 1000, 1E3 | numbers syntax (integers) |
| Random(11) | random (random number) |
| Reset | random (seed the pseudo random generator) |
| sqrt / exp / abs | square root / e-exponential / absolute value |
| sin / cos / tan | trigonometry (basic) |
| asin / acos / atan(12) | trigonometry (inverse) |
| Float'Truncation / Float'Rounding / Float'Floor / Float'Ceiling(13) | truncate / round / floor / ceil |
| / Rounding / Floor / Ceiling | truncate / round / floor / ceil |
| type T is digits N range Low..High; | type name (floating point) |
| type T is delta S digits N range Low..High;(14) | type name (floating point) |
| type T is range Low...High; | type name (integers) |
Unknown:
addition / subtraction / multiplication / division
operator priorities and associativities
| Call a task entry on the other thread | Joining Another Thread (Suspending a Thread Until Another Thread Establishes An Internal State) |
| Call task entry serviced just before task termination | Joining Another Thread (Suspending a thread until another thread completes) |
| Set_Priority(Priority_Value); | Thread Prioritization (Changing Thead Priority) |
| pragma Priority(expression); | Thread Prioritization (Establishing a base thread priority) |
| pragma Locking_Policy(Ceiling_Locking); | Thread Prioritization (Selecting a Prioritization Model) |
protected Object_Name is [entry entry_name(Parameter : [in out] is type [...]); procedure procedure_name(Parameter : [in out] is type [...]); function function_name return type; private shared data declaration end Object_Name; | Thread Synchronization (Defining a Synchronized Shared Resource) |
| Objectg_Name.Entry_Name(Parms) | Thread Synchronization (Monitor Syntax) |
| Object_Name.Function_Name | Thread Synchronization (Synchronized Reading of a Shared Resource) |
| Object_Name.Entry_Name(Parms) Object_Name.Procedure_Name(Parms) | Thread Synchronization (Synchronized Writing to a shared resource) |
| pragma Volatile(Object_Name); | Thread-safe sharing of data without synchronization (Ensuring access is always via a local copy of the shared data) |
| pragma Atomic(Object_Name); | Thread-safe sharing of data without synchronization (Ensuring access is atomic) |
| call an entry with parameters | passing data directly between threads |
| Tasks are started when created / call Stop entry or "abort task-object-name" | starting / stopping threads |
| select task_entry_call; or delay timeout_limit; end select; | terminating thread communication due to a time-out |
| task task_name is [entry entry_name[(parameter ...)]...] end task_name | thread definition |
| task type task_type_name is [entry entry_name[(parameter ...)]...] end task_type_name | thread definition |
| MyTask : task_type_name; | thread object creation |