The "Unknown:"s below indicate that an entry is incomplete.
| nothing needed | breaking lines (useful when end-of-line and/or indentation has a special meaning) |
| # | commenting (until end of line) |
| < > <= >= | comparison |
| min / max | comparison (min / max (binary or more)) |
| = != | equality / inequality (deep) |
| = <> | equality / inequality (shallow) |
| gc | force garbage collection |
| ( ... ) | grouping expressions |
| case-sensitive | tokens (case-sensitivity (keywords, variable identifiers...)) |
| [_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]* | tokens (variable identifier regexp) |
| proc() .. end proc | use a block as a return value (when statements are not expressions) |
| := | variable assignment or declaration (assignment) |
Unknown:
information about the current line and file
tokens (what is the standard way for scrunching together multiple words)
comparison (returns 3 values (i.e. inferior, equal or superior))
runtime evaluation
| (a, b) -> ... | anonymous function |
| f(a,b,...) | function call |
| f() | function call (with no parameter) |
| @ | function composition |
| f := (para1, para2, ...) -> ... | function definition |
| f := proc(para1, para2, ...) ... end proc | function definition (procedures) |
| return(1) | function return value (breaks the control flow) |
| no syntax needed(2) | function return value (function body is the result) |
| where(2) | runtime inspecting the caller information |
Unknown:
function called when a function is not defined (in dynamic languages)
| next / break(3) | breaking control flow (continue / break) |
| return(1) | breaking control flow (returning a value) |
| try a catch exn: ... end try | exception (catching) |
| finally | exception (cleanup: code executed before leaving) |
| error | exception (throwing) |
| if c then ... end if | if_then |
| if c then ... fi | if_then |
| if c then b1 elif c2 then b2 else b3 end if | if_then_else |
| for i from 10 to 1 by -1 do ... end do | loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 decrement) |
| for i from 1 to 10 do ... end do | loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 increment (see also the entries about ranges)) |
| for i from 1 to 10 by 2 do ... end do | loop (for each value in a numeric range, free increment) |
| while c do ... end do | loop (while condition do something) |
| ; | sequence |
| : | sequence |
| p = module() ... end module | declare |
| p = module() export name1, name2, ...; ... end module | declare (selective export) |
| with(p) | import (package (ie. load the package)) |
| with(p[name1, name2,]) | import (selectively) |
| :- | package scope |
| s[n] | accessing n-th character |
| StringTools[Char] | ascii to character |
| "z" | character "z" |
| StringTools[Ord] | character to ascii |
| convert(e,string) | convert something to a string (see also string interpolation) |
| cat(s$n) | duplicate n times |
| s[n..m] | extract a substring |
| StringTools[Search] | locate a substring |
| StringTools[SearchAll](s,p)[-1] | locate a substring (starting at the end) |
| all strings allow multi-line strings | multi-line |
| simple print (on strings) | |
| printf | simple print (printf-like) |
| sprintf | sprintf-like |
| || | string concatenation |
| cat | string concatenation |
| = != | string equality & inequality |
| length | string size |
| "\n" | strings (end-of-line (without writing the real CR or LF character)) |
| "..." | strings (with no interpolation of variables) |
| string | type name |
| StringTools[UpperCase] / StringTools[LowerCase] / StringTools[Capitalize] | uppercase / lowercase / capitalized string |
Unknown:
serialize (marshalling)
unserialize (un-marshalling)
upper / lower case character
| false | false value |
| FAIL | false value |
| not(4) | logical not |
| or / and | logical or / and (non short circuit (always evaluates both arguments)) |
| true | true value |
| boolean | type name |
| [e l[]] | adding an element at the beginning (list cons) (return the new list (no side-effect)) |
| foldl | f(... f(f(init, e1), e2) ..., en) |
| foldr | f(e1, f(e2, ... f(en, init) ...)) |
| ListTools[Search] | find an element |
| for v in l ... | for each element do something |
| ormap | is the predicate true for an element |
| andmap | is the predicate true for every element |
| ListTools[Join] | join a list of strings in a string using a glue string |
| select | keep elements (matching) |
| , | list concatenation |
| [ a, b, c ](5) | list constructor |
| ListTools[FlattenOnce] | list flattening (one level depth) |
| ListTools[Flatten] | list flattening (recursive) |
| zip | list of couples from 2 lists |
| nops | list size |
| a[i] | list/array indexing |
| a[e] | lookup an element in a association list |
| ListTools[MakeUnique] | remove duplicates |
| ListTools[Reverse] | reverse |
| min / max | smallest / biggest element |
| sort(6) | sort |
| ListTools[Split] | split a list (into sublists delimited by elements matching a predicate) |
| map | transform a list (or bag) in another one |
| Zip | transform two lists in parallel |
| list | type name |
| h[k] | dictionary (access: read/write) |
| table([a=b, c=d]) | dictionary (constructor) |
| keys | dictionary (list of keys) |
| entries | dictionary (list of values) |
| table | dictionary (type name) |
| NULL | optional value (null value) |
| r[field] | record (selector) |
| '' | reference (pointer) (creation) |
| eval | reference (pointer) (dereference) |
Unknown:
tuple constructor
computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (empty tuple)
computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (1-uple)
computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (using a tuple for a function call)
optional value (value)
optional value (null coalescing)
dictionary (remove by key)
dictionary (merge)
| + / - / * / / | addition / subtraction / multiplication / division |
| **, ^ | exponentiation (power) |
| log[10] | logarithm (base 10) |
| ln | logarithm (base e) |
| log | logarithm (base e) |
| - | negation |
| 1000., 1E3 | numbers syntax (floating point) |
| 1000 | numbers syntax (integers) |
| mathematical | operator priorities and associativities (addition vs multiplication) |
| mathematical | operator priorities and associativities (exponentiation vs negation (is -3^2 equal to 9 or -9)) |
| rand | random (random number) |
| RandomTools[MersenneTwister][SetState] | random (seed the pseudo random generator) |
| sqrt / exp / abs | square root / e-exponential / absolute value |
| sin / cos / tan | trigonometry (basic) |
| arcsin / arccos / arctan | trigonometry (inverse) |
| trunc / round / floor / ceil | truncate / round / floor / ceil |
| float | type name (floating point) |
| integer | type name (integers) |
Unknown:
numbers syntax (integers in base 2, octal and hexadecimal)
modulo
bitwise operators