The "Unknown:"s below indicate that an entry is incomplete.

• either the entry exist in the language, and please tell.
• either the entry doesn't exist in the language, and please tell so. The entry will be marked as such and won't appear as missing anymore.

• Category: Dynamically typed

• Various

  { ... }	block (grouping statements, especially when statements are not expressions)
  /* ... */	commenting (non nestable)
  //	commenting (until end of line)
  < > <= >=	comparison
  min / max	comparison (min / max (binary or more))
  /* DOCUMENT ... */	documentation comment
  == !=	equality / inequality (shallow)
  ( ... )	grouping expressions
  case-sensitive	tokens (case-sensitivity (keywords, variable identifiers...))
  =	variable assignment or declaration (assignment)

  Unknown:

  information about the current line and file
  tokens (what is the standard way for scrunching together multiple words)
  tokens (variable identifier regexp)
  breaking lines (useful when end-of-line and/or indentation has a special meaning)
  comparison (returns 3 values (i.e. inferior, equal or superior))
  runtime evaluation
  force garbage collection

• Functions

  f(a,b,...)	function call
  f, a, b, ...(1)	function call
  f	function call (with no parameter)
  func f(a, b, c...) { ... }	function definition
  return(2)	function return value (breaks the control flow)

  Unknown:

  function called when a function is not defined (in dynamic languages)
  runtime inspecting the caller information

• Control Flow

  continue / break	breaking control flow (continue / break)
  goto	breaking control flow (goto (unconditional jump))
  return(2)	breaking control flow (returning a value)
  if (catch(exn)) { ... } a	exception (catching)
  error	exception (throwing)
  if (c) {...}	if_then
  if (c) {b1} else {b2}	if_then_else
  c ? b1 : b2	if_then_else
  do ... while (!c)	loop (do something until condition)
  for	loop (for "a la C" (while + initialisation))
  while (c) ...	loop (while condition do something)

  Unknown:

  sequence
  multiple selection (switch)
  loop (forever loop)
  loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 increment (see also the entries about ranges))
  loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 decrement)
  loop (for each value in a numeric range, free increment)

• Package, Module

  require, "p"

  import (package (ie. load the package))

  Unknown:

  package scope
  declare

• Strings

  pr1	convert something to a string (see also string interpolation)
  strpart(s, n, m)	extract a substring
  strfind	locate a substring
  write	simple print (on strings)
  "\n"	strings (end-of-line (without writing the real CR or LF character))
  strtoupper / strtolower	uppercase / lowercase / capitalized string

  Unknown:

  character "z"
  strings (with no interpolation of variables)
  strings (with interpolation of variables)
  multi-line
  serialize (marshalling)
  unserialize (un-marshalling)
  sprintf-like
  string equality & inequality
  string size
  string concatenation
  duplicate n times
  upper / lower case character
  ascii to character
  character to ascii
  locate a substring (starting at the end)

• Booleans

  0(3)	false value
  !	logical not
  || / &&	logical or / and (short circuit)
  anything not false	true value

• Bags and Lists

  Unknown:

  list concatenation
  list flattening
  list constructor
  list/array indexing
  adding an element at the beginning (list cons)
  adding an element at index
  adding an element at the end
  first element
  all but the first element
  last element
  get the first element and remove it
  get the last element and remove it
  for each element do something
  is an element in the list
  smallest / biggest element
  join a list of strings in a string using a glue string
  list size
  iterate with index
  remove duplicates
  sort
  reverse

• Various Data Types

  Unknown:

  tuple constructor
  computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (empty tuple)
  computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (1-uple)
  computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (using a tuple for a function call)
  reference (pointer) (creation)
  reference (pointer) (dereference)
  optional value (null value)
  optional value (value)
  optional value (null coalescing)
  record (selector)
  dictionary (constructor)
  dictionary (access)
  dictionary (has the key ?)
  dictionary (remove by key)
  dictionary (list of keys)
  dictionary (list of values)
  dictionary (merge)
  range

• Mathematics

  + / - / * / /	addition / subtraction / multiplication / division
  & / | / ~	bitwise operators (and / or / xor)
  ^	exponentiation (power)
  log10	logarithm (base 10)
  log	logarithm (base e)
  %	modulo (modulo of -3 / 2 is -1)
  -	negation
  0xf	numbers syntax (integers in base 2, octal and hexadecimal)
  1000	numbers syntax (integers)
  mathematical	operator priorities and associativities (addition vs multiplication)
  random	random (random number)
  sqrt / exp / abs	square root / e-exponential / absolute value
  sin / cos / tan	trigonometry (basic)
  asin / acos / atan(4)	trigonometry (inverse)
  / / floor / ceil	truncate / round / floor / ceil

  Unknown:

  numbers syntax (floating point)
  random (seed the pseudo random generator)

Remarks

• (1) procedure call
• (2) in Lua, "return xxx" can only appear before a block end. in Matlab, only in inline('...')
• (3) beware of 0.0 which is true in Pike!
• (4) Ruby >= 1.7